PAPER B TH: 30, PRACTICAL: 15(Only one Practical with Both Papers A and B)
Paper-B
{Waves and Oscillation}
Main Topics
Harmonic Oscillations
Simple harmonic oscillation
(SHM)
(Obtaining and solving the basic equations of motion x (t), v (t), and a (t). Energy)
Consideration in S.H.M
Application of SHM
(Torsional oscillation, Physical pendulum, Simple pendulum)
SHM and uniform
Circular motion,
Combination of Harmonic
Motion
(Lissaajous patterns)
Damped Harmonic
Motion
(Equation of damped harmonic motion, Discussion of its solution)
Forced Oscillation
And Resonance
(Equation of forced oscillation, Discussion of its solutions, Examples of resonance)
Waves
Mechanical waves
Traveling waves
(Phase velocity of traveling waves, Sinusoidal waves, Group speed and dispersion)
Waves speed
(Mechanical analysis)
Wave equation
(Discussion of solution)
Power and intensity
In waves motion
(Derivation & Discussion)
Principle of superposition
(Basic Ideas)
(Interference of waves, Standing waves, Phase changes on reflection, Natural frequency, Resonance)
Sound
Beats phenomenon
(Analytical treatment)
Doppler Effect
(Moving source, Moving observer, both object and source moving)
Light
Nature of light
(Visible light {Physical characteristics})
Light as an electromagnetic
Wave
(Speed of light in matter, Physical aspects, Path difference, Phase difference etc)
Interference
Adding of electromagnetic
Waves using phasors
(Coherence of sources, double slit interference, Analytical treatment)
Interference from films
(Newton’s ring {Analytical treatment})
Michelson interferometer
(Discussion to include use of a compensating plates, Michelson interferometer use in determining velocity of light)
Fresnel’s biprism and its use
Diffraction
(Diffraction at single slit, Intensity in single slit diffraction using phasor treatment and analytical treatment using addition of waves, Double slit interference & diffraction combined, Diffraction at a circular aperture)
Diffraction from
Multiple slits
(Discussion to include width of the maxima)
Diffraction grating
(Discussion, Use in spectrographs, Dispersion and resolving power of gratings)
Holography
(Qualitative discussion)
Polarization
(Basic definition, production of polarization
By polarizing sheets, by reflection, by double refraction and double scattering)
Description of
Polarization states
(Linear, Circular, elliptic polarization)
Rotation of plane
Of polarization
(Use of Polari meter)
Thermodynamics
And Statistical
Mechanics
Temperature, Kinetic
Theory of the ideal gas,
Work done on an ideal
Gas
(Review of previous concepts)
Internal energy of
And ideal gas
(To include the Equipartation of energy)
Intermolecular forces
Qualitative discussion
(Vander Waals equation of state)
Statistical
Mechanics
Statistical Distribution
And mean values
(Mean free path and microscopic Calculations of mean free path)
Distribution of molecular
Speeds, Distribution of
Energies
(Maxwell distribution, Maxwell
Boltzmann energy distribution, internal
Energy of an ideal gas)
Brownian motion
(Qualitative description, Definition, Conduction and
Thermodynamics
And Statistical
Mechanics
Temperature, Kinetic
Theory of The ideal gas,
Work done on an ideal
Gas
(Review of previous concepts)
Internal energy of and
Ideal gas
(To include the Equipartation of energy)
Intermolecular forces
Qualitative discussion
(Vander Waals equation of state)
Statistical Mechanics
Statistical Distribution
And mean values
(Mean free path and microscopic Calculations of mean free path)
Distribution of molecular
Speeds, Distribution of
Energies
(Maxwell distribution, Maxwell
Boltzmann energy distribution, internal
Energy of an ideal gas)
Brownian motion
(Qualitative description, Definition, Conduction and
Viscosity)
Heat
Review of previous
Concepts, First law
Of thermodynamics,
Transfer of heat
(First law of thermodynamics & its application to adiabatic, isothermal, cyclic and free expansion)
Entropy &
Second law Of
Thermodynamics
Reversible an irreversible
Processes, Second law
Carnot cycle, Carnot
Engines
(Definition, discussion, Heat engine,
Refrigerators & Second Law, Calculation of Efficiency of heat engines)
Posted by: Wasim Javed
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