Leukocytes W.B.C's

Leukocytes W.B.C's:

Leukocytes are the white blood corpuscles and are the seemed constituent of formed elements.

Ehemistry: Since the leukocytes are the typical cells, they contain water, nucleoprotein, albumin, globulin and other protein, lipids (especially cholesterol phospho lipids and fat) and other soluble organic substances and inorganic salts. They also possess a variety of enzymes and undoubtedly harmonies and vitamins.

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Function of R.B.C's

1. Transport of Gases:

R.B.C's play an important role in the transport of gases such as O2 and CO2.

i. Transport of O2:

When we inhale O2. Then this O2 reach the lungs where hemoglobin which is the chief component of erythrocyte combines with O2 to form oxy-hemoglobin. Actually the function of erythrocytes is to carry the O2 in the form of oxy-hemoglobin to various time of the body. After reaching the tissues again the O2 is released.

Hb+O2--------> HbO2
HbO2---------> Hb+O2

ii. Transport of Co2:

So after the oxidation of glucose Co2 is released which is not required in the tissues. This Co2 is carried back by R.B.C to the lungs in the form of carb-hemoglobin. From the lungs the Co2 passes out.

2. Energy Production:

R.B.C's also play an important role in the production of energy indirectly because after carries O2 by erythrocytes to the tissues where oxidation of glucose takes places and energy is produced which is required for normal body function.

C6H12O6 + 6 O2 -----------> 6-O2 + 6+O2 = Energy

If R.B.C's left the function of O2 transport no energy will be produced because no oxidation of glucose takes place.

3. Acid-Base Balance:

They also help to maintain acid base balance. It is carried out by the buffering action for example bicarbonates and plasma protein. The buffer action of plasma protein is of great importance which carries about 10% of Co2. In lungs O2Hb is formed from reduced Hb and H+ are released react with Hco2- to give H2Co3. As inside the lungs the cone of Co2. So the equilibrium, the right and Co2 passes out.

H(+) + HCo3(-) <--------> H2Co3 <-----> H2O - Co2

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Steges of blood formation in the embryoand foatus

There are three successive stages of blood formation in the embryo and foatus.

1. Mesoblastic haemopoiesis:-

It is the blood formation and occurs in the first two months of embryonic life. In this case most of the cells are formed outside the embryo. This stage diminished in a human embryo of nine weeks.

2. Hepatic- haemopoiesis:-

This constitutes the see and stage and includes. The splenic and thy-mic blood formation this stage occurs from the end to fifth month.

3. Myeloid haemopoiesis :-

This stage beings at the fifth with the establishment of the presental circulation. In this stage first liver is responsible for the formation of R.B.C's and the bone marrow for the W.B.C's later in the bone marrow take the responsibility of fer the formation of R.B.C's


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Steps of Development of R.B.C's

Pro erythroblast is the first cell which is responsible for the formation of many red blood cells because when these cells formed ,divide several times and form many mature red blood cells.

The 1st generated cells are called besophil erythroblast because they can be stained with basic dyes. The at this time the cell has very little hemoglobin. However in succeeding generation the cell becomes filled approx 33% hemoglobin. At the same time the endoplasmic reticulum is reabsorbed. The cell at this steps is called reticul: eytes.

The remaining bchophilic materiel in reticnlocyte disappear with in 1--2 days and the cell is then converted into mature erythrocytes.

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Development of red blood corpucles

Areas of the body that produce Red cells

1. Embyonic Life:-

In early few weeks of Embyonic life, the primitive nucleated red blood cells are produced in the yolk sea.

Later on in the middle trimester of gestation red blood cells are produced by liver. Through reasonable no of R.B.C's are produced by the spleen and lymph nodes

2. After birth:-

The bone marrow is the main site of erythrogesis during the early year all bones are filled up with blood forming red marrow but by twentieth year almost all the long bones are replaced with inactive yellow and in this location. R.B.C formation stops only the upper ends of femur and humerus certain red marrow and continue to form red cells throughout the life.

In addition to this the vertebrae, the ribs and flat bones produce R.B.C's continuously.

Posted by: Wasim Javed