Blood groups

Blood groups - a set of normal immuno-genetic features of blood, red blood cells izoantigennaya structure and specificity of the natural antieritrotsi Tarn antibodies makes possible the unification of people in certain groups of the ABO system.

In 1900, no one has known physician Karl Landsteiner studied the properties of human blood. In the study, the question arises: why the serum of one patient red blood cells stick together another? Why the addition of serum one person to another adhesion of red blood cells red blood cells were observed?

The scientist did not cease to carry out their experiments, feeling that he was on the verge of an important discovery.

If the red blood cells of human serum glued another, he reasoned, then in red blood cells contain an antigen (a substance foreign to the body, causing the formation of antibodies), so in some cases there hemagglutination, in others not. On this basis, Lando, Steiner came to the conclusion that the blood of people of different heterogeneous and can be divided into three groups, which he identified with the letters A, B and C. The group

He took people who in erythrocytes contained antigen A, the group B - human antigen B, and group C - people in erythrocytes which was neither antigen A nor antigen B.

His observations Landsteiner explained in 1901 in an article under the modest title "On the agglutinating properties of normal human blood." - However, at the beginning of the XX century one, and indeed Landsteiner not fully imagine the true extent of this discovery. The years passed before it was appreciated.

Only 30 years later Karl Landsteiner was awarded the Nobel Prize.

Shortly thereafter, in 1902, doctors and Dekastello Stuhr-identified people there, the red blood cells and serum which differs from the red blood cells and sera mentioned three groups. This group are regarded as a departure from the scheme Landsteiner. It was an independent group. It was as though all the people of their immunological, blood stvam not divided into three, and four groups.

At the beginning of the century in Prague worked psychiatrist Jan Jansky. He was looking for the cause of mental illness in the properties of the blood. The cause of mental illness Jansky found, but found that in humans, there are not three but four blood groups.

The discovery and classification of blood groups solve the problem transfusion.

On the results of their research Jan Jansky said in 1906 in his article "Some hematologic research at the mentally ill."

It gave Jansky blood groups ordinal designations Roman numerals I, II, III, IV. Classification of blood groups, he proposed, was very comfortable and has been approved in 1921 at a congress of pathologists and bacteriologists.

Agglyutinabelnyh difference depends on properties of the erythrocytes are present in certain specific for each group of substances - agglutinogens that proposal by E. L. Girshvelda Dungorna and (1910) represent Roman letters A and B. In accordance with this designation erythrocytes some individuals do not contain agglyutino- gene A and B (I Group Jansky, or 0 group), the other containing erythrocytes agglutinogen A (blood), red blood cells contain third party agglutinogen In (III blood), red blood cells contain Fourth agglutinogens A and B (IV blood group) .

Depending on the presence or absence of the erythrocytes of group A and B antigens in the plasma are normal (natural) izoantitela (haemagglutinin) in relation to these antibodies.

Antigens system AB0 unequally often found among different peoples. The frequency with which blood types are found among the population of some cities of the former Soviet Union.

The table stands out in a big way blood group 0, according to B. Sadykov, Kazan, compared with other cities. This can be explained by the fact that men in their canons marry in most women of their nationality, and in other cities of the republic mixed marriages.

Interesting research results presented military doctors wife Girshveld they received while working at a hospital in Thessaloniki at the end of the First World War, which sent thousands of wounded of different nationalities. Doctors Girshveld found that among different races and ethnic groups are unevenly distributed blood. Later in science accumulated more evidence to support these observations. For example, 80% of American Indians are the first group of blood, and the third and fourth groups have not found.

Among Indians, in contrast, about half of people with the third group of blood. Many people with a third group of blood there among the Manchus, Koreans and Chinese. Swedes, Danes and Finns dominated the second group of blood, and the aborigines of Australia - a group of 0 and almost never encountered a group B. The researchers explain it this way. In ancient times, people of different races were divided by mountain ranges, oceans and seas, deserts. Some tribes were in the so-called geographical isolates. They did not mix with people of other races. As a result of such marriages in all isolates gradually they became relatives and the whole tribe acquired a blood group. For example Roma, they almost do not marry with the surrounding peoples, they have kept their particular race.

Posted By: Wasim Javed