Pair of words 2

Bad: Gambling is a bad habit.
Bade: The teacher bade him to go out.
Bed: He took rest on the bed.
Bag: I put the books in my bag.
Beg: He begs for money from me.
Bale: He bought three bales of cotton.
Bail: He was released on bail.
Bare: Why are you walking bare-headed in the sun?
Bear: I saw a bear in the zoo.
Berth: I have reserved a berth for you in the train.
Birth: What is your date of birth?
Beside: My house is situated beside the ground.
Besides: Besides a bookseller he deals in foods.
Brake: The brake of my car failed.
Break: He break the world record.
Born: He was born in Dera Ismail Khan.
Borne: He has borne many things.

Posted By: Wasim Javed

Pair of words 1

Accept: The Principal did not accept my leave application
Except: All except you were present in the meeting
Access: I have no excess to the principal.
Excess: Excess of everything is bad.
Advice: My advice had no effect on you.
Advise: He advised me to work.
Adapt: You should adapt yourself to new themes.
Adopt: Do not adopt bad things.
Add: Add some more in lunch.
Aid: Pakistan should not depends on aid.
Affect: Illness affected on his study.
Effect: Malaria had a bad effect on his health.
Air: Birds fly in the air.
Heir: He is the only heir to the property.
Altar: A goat was brought to the altar.
Alter: I cannot alter my program.
Angel: Angles worship Allah day and night.
Angle: A triangle has three angles.
Assay: He made another assay to pass the examination.
Essay: His essay was full of mistakes.

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Applications of computers

Computers are used in a different fields in life. Some of the fields are:
a) Computer is offices: In many offices computer is used for word processing. Computers are used in the place of typewriters.
b) Computer in Banks: Banks keep most of their record and data in computers.
c) Medicine and Health Care:In the health care industry, computers are very useful
d) Computer in Business: Commercial business can not be run without the use of computer now a days.
e) Computer in Education: Computers are playing very important role in the education. It is being used in school, colleges and universities for education purposes.

Posted By: Wasim Javed

Features of Computers System

A computer may have following features:-
a) Speed: Computer system is a device, which can perform operations at a very very high speed/time. For example if we give instruction the computer system to multiply following tow numbers 33434x983498 then it will produce the result within second.
b) Storage: A computer system can store a very huge amount of data in the storage devices of computer. E.g we can store the data about thousands of books in a CD(SD).
c) Reliability: Computer system is a reliable device. It always gives corrects output when an error free data or command is given.
d) Accuracy: Computer system is a device/machine which produces accurate/meaning full results.

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Introduction to computer

Introduction:
                 Computer education is among one of the most demanding fields in technical education. Using computer we can perform any task in a very speedy and accurate way. To use the computer we should first understand the basic components of computer and their working,

Definition of Computer:
                "Computer is an electronic device which accepts data, internally store, processes, and give the meaning full result."

Data and Information: 
                 "The collection of facts and figure is called data". Data is the plural of Datum and it is a Latin word.

Types of Data:
                 There are three types of data.
Alphabetic Data:
                  The data that is in alphabetic form is called alphabetic data. For example : a to z or A to Z.
Numeric Data:
                  The data that is in the form of numbers is called Numeric data. For example: 0 to 9.
Alphanumeric Data:
                  The data, which consist of both Alphabets and Numbers, are called alphanumeric data. For example H.No.784, F12 etc.

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The Last Address Of The Holy Prophet Muhammad (Sallallaho alaihe wa sallam)

"All glory be to Allah. There is no god but Allah and Muhammad (S.A.W) is the prophet of Allah" raised the cry from the heart of the prophet and mingled with the vast expanse of the desert of Arabia.
      Muhammad (SAW) was born on Monday, the 12th Rabiual Awwal (20th April in the year A.D 571). He belonged to the family is traced back to Hazrat Ismail (AS) and Ibrahim (AS). His parents died by the time he was six years of age. His grandfather, Abdul Muttalib, took change of him but he also died soon. Now the responsibility of looking after the Prophet (SAW) fell to his uncle Abu Talib. He love his young nephew dearly and did all he could to rear him well. The Prophet (SAW) grew up to be so honorable and trustworthy that people called him Al-Amin.
The Prophet (SAW) used to retire to and pray in a cave of Mount Hira for some days every year. During the Last days of Ramazan, the most wonderful thing happened to him. Through the angel Gabriel, Allah revealed to him the true religion, Islam the belief in the total submission to One, True and the Only Allah, the most Merciful and the Mighty. Thereafter, the Prophet (SAW) spared no effort in preaching the true religion. He suffered great hardship, but nothing could move him from his chosen path. Hundreds of people embraced Islam at the hands of the noblest of men. When the Prophet (SAW) realized that his end was drawing near, he felt the intense need of conveying to the people his final message. Before performing his last pilgrimage at Makkah, he decided to address the faithful. While riding on a she-camel near the Jabalul Arafat, the Prophet (SAW) spoke these unforgettable words, on the 9th day Zul Hijja, to the assembled people.
"Listen to my words for I do not know whether i shall be granted another year to be amongst you. Your Lives and property are a sacred trust amongst yourselves until you appear before the Lord, and remember you shall have to appear before your Lord, who shall demand from you and account of all your actions. You have rights over your wives and your wives have right over you. Treat them with kindness and affection. Be faithful to each other and do not Commit sins. Interest on the loans is forbidden to you. No murder committed during the days of ignorance (Jahiliyyat) are to be avenged. Do not forget that every Muslim should be truly a brother to every other muslim. There is no preference for the Arab over the non-Arab or the non-Arab over the Arab. Feed and clothe your salves with such food as your eat yourselves and with such clothes as you wear yourselves. If they commit a fault, which your find hard to forgive, let them go away and do not treat them harshly. Be kind and just to everyone. O People! Have i fulfilled my mission?" "in truth you have, " replied the hundreds thousand mouths of the pilgrims. O Allah, be thou my witness , "said the Prophet (SAW)

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STEP-INDEX MULTI MODE FIBER

STEP-INDEX MULTI MODE FIBER has a large core, up to 100 microns in diameter. Some of the light rays that make up the digital pulse may travel a direct route, whereas others zigzag as they bounce off the cladding. These alternative pathways cause the different groupings of light rays, referred to as modes, to arrive separately at a receiving point. The pulse, an aggregate of different modes, begins to spread out, losing its well-defined shape. The need to leave spacing between pulses to prevent overlapping limits bandwidth that is, the amount of information that can be sent. So this type of fiber is best suited for transmission over short distances.

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OPTICAL FIBER

Fiber-optics use light pulses to transmit information down fiber lines instead of using electronic pulses to transmit information down copper     lines. At one end of the system is a transmitter. This is the place of origin for information coming on to fiber-optic lines. The transmitter accepts coded electronic pulse information coming from copper wire. It then processes and translates that information into equivalently coded light pulses. A light-emitting diode (LED) or an injection-laser diode (ILD) can be used for generating the light pulses. Using a lens, the light pulses are funneled into the fiber-optic medium where they travel down the cable. The light is most often 850nm for shorter distances and 1,300nm for longer distances on Multi-mode fiber and 1300nm for single-mode fiber and 1,500nm is used for longer distances.

Light pulses move easily down the fiber-optic line because of a principle as total internal reflection. "This principle of total internal reflection states that when the angle of incidence exceeds a critical value, light cannot get out of the glass; instead, the light bounces back in. When this principle is applied to the construction of the fiber-optic strand, it is possible to transmit information down fiber lines in the form of light pulses. The core must a very clear and pure material for the light or in most cases near infrared light (850nm, 1300nm and 1500nm). The core can be Plastic (used for very short distances) but most are made from glass. Glass optical fibers are almost always made from pure silica, but some other materials, such as fluorozirconate, fluoroaluminate, and chalcogenide glasses, are used for longer-wavelength infrared applications. 

Single Mode cable is a single stand (most applications use 2 fibers) of glass fiber with a diameter of 8.3 to 10 microns that has one mode of transmission.  Single Mode Fiber with a relatively narrow diameter, through which only one mode will propagate typically 1310 or 1550nm. Single-mode optical fiber is an optical fiber in which only the lowest order bound mode can propagate at the wavelength of interest typically 1300 to 1320nm.