Rh factor in blood

In the spring of 1937 Nobel Prize winner C. Land-Steiner (who at that time already lived and worked in the US) he visited his student from Vienna, MD Alexander Wiener. He told his teacher about the case, which he could not explain. Overflow of blood after one patient

gastrectomy, despite the perfectly matched by blood group, a few hours Viner watched the reaction to a blood transfusion, expressing chills and a small rise in temperature.

As it turned out, Landsteiner also faced with a similar phenomenon. Along with chills and fever in the patient after a while there was damage to the kidneys.

Karl Landsteiner, working at the Rockefeller Institute in New York, having at its disposal a laboratory

with a large vivarium, I received from India Party monkeys.

The scientists decided to hold together the experience and to understand the reason of complications arising from blood transfusions. They took a small amount of blood from monkeys

introduced into the ear vein of rabbit. A week later, in the blood of rabbit antibodies discovered: his serum red blood cells stick together monkey. They are well aware that the introduction of red blood cells of animals of one species to another in blood last

antibodies are formed. And if you add to the rabbit serum human erythrocytes? The first donors have become employees of the laboratory in which the red blood cells were isolated for

experience. It was found that the immune rabbit serum glues (agglutinate) RBCs people. Winer, working

in the hospital, I took the red blood cells from 300 patients to get accurate data. The study Charter

Group 2 "(U" and and human gyaorone

found that red blood cells in 85 out of every 100 people agglutinated blood serum, and 15 - are not agglutinated.

Hence, in erythrocytes contained 85% human albumen same as in monkeys erythrocytes and erythrocytes in 15% of the people it is not contained. This substance is called Wiener suggested Rh factor.

In 1940 Wiener published their discovery in the outlet in New York, "Journal of Experimental Biology." Since that time, depending on the presence of red blood cells Rhesus blood of all the people began to be divided into Rh-positive and Rh-negative. However, Rh is not associated with group affiliation. Thus, people who have blood group 0 (1) may be positive or Rh-Rh-negative. The same applies to the rest of the blood groups. Therefore, blood transfusion is necessary to consider the Rh affiliation.

Rh-negative people to avoid complications

pour only rhesus negative blood.

If the fracture is Rh-positive blood is Rh-negative person, the visible reaction will not happen, but his blood will Rh antibodies that lead to complications with repeated transfusions bin + -krovi.

Genes determine Hr / are dominant with respect to determining Yap ~ therefore the offspring of Rh-positive and Rh-negative parents will Yap +. In the case where the father + Yap, Yap and his mother ~, fetal blood is Yap +. With the penetration of new agglutinogen of the fetus through the placenta into the mother's blood in the mother's antibodies will (agglutinin) to Yap + erythrocytes; if these antibodies go back through the placenta into the bloodstream of the fetus, there will come agglutination and erythroblastosis. The death of the fetus in these cases comes

usually at birth. The first child in Yapg-mate-ri can be healthy, whereas in subsequent pregnancies possible fetal death. Manifestation of Rh incompatibility can be minimized

by assigning pregnant Kn are women antirezus gamma globulin Yapg neutralizing antigens of the fetus.

Rh hemolytic jaundice and newborn -

In 1947, the clinic of obstetrics and gynecology Military Medical Academy was invited by Professor Vladimir Nikolaevich Shamova to the newborn child, who had only three days old. Baby skin was intensely yellow. Jaundice appeared in the first hours of life, and increases rapidly. The liver and spleen were enlarged. A blood test found a sharp anemia. Shamov diagnosed: hemolytic jaundice. This disease occurs in the first days of life due to hemolysis (disintegration) of some of the red blood cells after birth. The reason for all the Rh factor, t. E. The thing is the differences of maternal and fetal Rh-affiliation. When collecting medical history revealed that the first baby was born healthy, the second - with severe jaundice and died soon he was born the third, also with jaundice and degenerative changes. On the fifth day the child died. In the study of the blood of both parents was established: the father is present in the blood is Rh positive, and the mother -

Rh negative. The child passed Rh

factor from the father - is positive. Placenta Rh can penetrate into the mother's blood. Everything seemed to be normal. The first child is born healthy, because

Antibodies are usually produced by the end of the first pregnancy. However, during second pregnancy existing maternal antibodies cross the placenta in fetal blood, leading first to the fetal erythrocyte agglutination and then hemolyzed to their - destruction. Subsequently, a child dies in the womb or is born with severe hemolytic jaundice and dies. History of medicine knows when the first child is born healthy, the second - with jaundice, does not die, but is growing mentally and

physically handicapped.

 

Posted By: Wasim Javed