Chemical analysis of the human body
has confirmed that about 95% of its weight comprised of the same four main
elements that make up the earth and atmosphere: oxygen (64%), hydrogen (10%),
carbon (18%) and nitrogen (3%).
The remaining 5% is distributed
differently. The differences depend on the terrain and even vary from one
individual to another in the same locality. In the latter case, these are
slight differences in the content of salts and minerals can determine the
health or conversely disease.
Human and animal body comprising at
least 17 major minerals and vitamins 7 necessary for life and good health. They
play an important role in human and animals.
Mineral salts. Without a proper
balance of mineral salts that occurs in any disease, impaired general exchange.
With the help of diet can regulate mineral balance. Most important are the
sodium, calcium, potassium, magnesium and iron.
If a person takes food that is poor
in minerals, he feels the need for salt which satisfies, podsalivaya food. Salt
is not only the nerves turned stomach but gradually penetrates tissue,
replacing potassium, calcium, magnesium, etc.. It then excreted by the kidneys,
excessively overloading them.
Lack of nutrient salt in the diet
may be associated with the wrong its preparation. Especially rich in minerals
fruits and vegetables. Vegetables generally boil in a large amount of water,
which absorbs most of their nutrients. Then the water is drained, cooked
vegetables served to the table. So do not be. All vegetables should be cooked
for a couple or perhaps a smaller amount of water.
The lack of mineral salts in the
body leads to disruption of the osmotic pressure of blood and interstitial
fluid, which interferes with the normal course of metabolic processes.
Sodium - the main osmotically active
ion of the extracellular space. It regulates the acid-base status, contains
liquid and regulates its distribution in the body, increases swelling proteins
and increases the hydrophilicity of tissue. Sodium helps to maintain water and
electrolyte balance. Deficiency of sodium in the body can occur in various
pathological conditions involving elevated his release if it is not offset by
the introduction of sodium chloride in a sufficient amount (severe diarrhea,
uncontrollable vomiting, extensive burns with strong exudation, hypofunction of
adrenal cortex, prolonged use of diuretics, etc. .) - As a result of developing
hyponatremia. It is accompanied by dehydration. It appears thirst that can only
use salt quench fluid. There have dryness and loss of turgor (elasticity)
gauge, muscle weakness, decreased appetite, develop nausea, vomiting, hypotension,
tachycardia, impaired kidney function (oliguria, anuria, azotemia rise), the
central nervous system.
With an excess of sodium in the body
can develop a hyper-natriemiya that manifests fluid retention, increased
excitability of the nervous system (restlessness, muscle cramps, and so on.
D.), Hypertension, decreased renal function, increased body temperature.
Among the foods richest sodium
chloride include fish, especially marine, sausage, cheese, cheese, bread.
Potassium promotes the release of
the body in the urine sodium and fluid, regulates intracellular osmotic
pressure. It participates in the formation of acetylcholine that plays an
important role in the transmission of nerve impulses and. Potassium increases
the tone of smooth and striated muscles, affects the activity of several
enzymes, has an alkaline action.
Deficiency of potassium in the body
can occur with an overdose of drugs and diuretics glikokortikoidnyh hormones,
frequent vomiting, diarrhea, adrenal hyperfunction.
Hypokalemia leads to muscle weakness
pain, apathy, lethargy, atony bowels, nausea, vomiting, edema, oliguria, and
expand the boundaries of the heart, arrhythmias, hypotension, dry skin.
Many contain potassium vegetable
products (vegetables, fruits, especially apricots and raisins, berries), cocoa
powder, from animal products rich in potassium most fish, beef, veal.
Hyperkalemia may occur in acute
glomerulonephritis, hypofunction of adrenal cortex. It is manifested physical
and mental stimulation, paresthesias of extremities, pale skin, decrease the
hydrophilic fabric, increase diuresis and increased sodium excretion in the
urine.
Calcium forms a structural skeleton
framework affects the permeability of cell membranes, seals vascular walls is
involved in the clotting process.
Calcium deficiency can develop when
a lack of calcium in the diet (starvation, exclusion from the diet of dairy
products), sweating, pregnant and breastfeeding women.
Calcium deficiency is shown by the
following symptoms: weak bone growth, crumbling teeth, joint pain, sore foot
cramps, tics or twitches, palpitations, brittle fingernails, tooth decay, tooth
pain, cramps during sleep or exercise, pain in the forearms or biceps, numbness
or stiffness, insomnia, heavy menstruation.
Hypocalcemia is also observed in the
absorption of calcium deficiency due to digestive diseases, as well as the use
of steroids. As a result, they may develop osteoporosis, paresthesia,
convulsions.
Hypercalcemia observed with an
excess of calcium in the diet and drinking water, excessive use of calcium and
calciferol. Hypercalcemia manifested by loss of appetite, thirst, nausea,
vomiting, weakness, and sometimes convulsions, azotemia. Perhaps the deposition
of calcium in the blood vessels and muscles.
Salts of calcium rich dairy
products, vegetables, eggs, fish and meat.
To mitigate the adverse ratio of
calcium and phosphorus, it is advisable to eat bread with cheese, cereal with
milk, meat and fish dishes with vegetables and so on. D.
Hinder calcium absorption in the
intestines of foods rich in oxalic acid - sorrel, rhubarb, spinach, beets,
chocolate. Lactose promotes absorption of calcium and citric acid.
Magnesium is involved in
carbohydrate metabolism, protein biosynthesis, decreases neuromuscular excitability.
Magnesium ions increase the inhibitory processes in the cerebral cortex, and
therefore have a calming effect. In addition, magnesium has antispastic effect,
stimulates bile secretion and motility of the intestines, helps to eliminate
cholesterol from the body.
With a deficit of magnesium is
increased neuromuscular excitability, there jerking muscle tetany, anxiety,
fear, auditory hallucinations, tachycardia, high blood pressure, irregular
heart rhythm, loss of appetite, painful and cold hands and feet, irritability,
poor coordination, processes for bones, loosening, or tooth sensitivity, nausea
or dizziness, sensitivity to noise, insomnia, hyperactivity, strong body odor.
The excess of magnesium in the body
leads to oppression reflexes enhance inhibitory processes in the central
nervous system (lethargy, drowsiness), osteoporosis, paresthesia, lower blood
pressure, disturbance of atrioventricular conduction, bradycardia.
A diet with a high content of
magnesium is recommended that the tendency to raise blood pressure,
hypertension, atherosclerosis, liver and bile ducts.
Magnesium is found in wheat, oats
and buckwheat, butter, walnuts, beans and dried fruit, especially dried
apricots. Many magnesium in bread from wheat flour.
Phosphorus and its salts are of
particular importance in the processes of life. He is involved in the
metabolism of proteins, fats and carbohydrates, building cell components, a
number of enzymes, hormones and many other phosphorus compounds.
The need in the phosphor increases
during pregnancy, lactation, and also for chronic gut diseases - enteritis,
enterocolitis.
The greatest amount of phosphorus
contained in the bran, cheese, legumes, tomato juice, meat, brains, beef liver,
fish, eggs, buckwheat, barley, oats, walnuts.
Deficiency is rare, since phosphorus
is supplied from various products and is commonly used in foods in a sufficient
amount.
Iron. About half of the iron in the
body exists in the form of hemoglobin - a substance which gives a blood red
color. Iron is required for muscle proteins and is deposited as a reserve in
the kidneys and liver. Hemoglobin carries oxygen from the lungs throughout the
body.
About iron deficiency show pale skin
and pale lower eyelids, which is a classic sign of anemia. Other symptoms of
anemia: flat or spoon-shaped nails, rapid pulse, thrust to the ice, hair loss,
general apathy, lack of stamina and vitality, inability to concentrate, severe
menstrual pain, drowsiness, low vision, upset stomach and numbness in the fingers
and toes .
Iron-rich liver, kidney and meat,
bread, cereals, beans, nuts and green leafy crops.
However, high doses of iron
toxicity, can cause pain in the stomach and constipation. No need to give drugs
to children (even 3 grams can be lethal dose for a young child).
Chromium is involved in the
metabolism of carbohydrates and fats, and also in the formation of insulin.
High levels of sugar in the diet stimulate the release of chromium through the
kidneys.
When processing of grain to produce
white flour lost almost 80% of chromium. From brown sugar after its
transformation into the white sand takes 9% chromium.
Symptoms of chromium deficiency:
high cholesterol, intolerance to alcohol, symptoms similar to diabetes,
hypoglycemia, excessive thirst, irritability, difficulty remembering.
The greatest amount of chromium
contained in the yeast, egg yolk, liver, wheat germ, and the cheese grains from
raw grains in alcoholic beverages.
Iodine is a well-known regulator of
the thyroid gland, which controls and regulates metabolism by weight. Iodine
contributes to the formation of hormones, including thyroxine and triodtironin
that control the rate of metabolism in the body, which is burned in the body of
oxygen.
With iodine deficiency observed:
chronic fatigue, poor mental performance, enlargement of the thyroid gland;
goiter, irritability, weight gain, heart palpitations, high blood cholesterol
levels, brittle nails, dry hair, constipation.
Sources of iodine: seafood, fish,
seaweed fucus and other algae (seaweed).
Manganese is essential for normal
growth and development, to create a natural antiviral agent - interferon - and
contribute to the regulation of blood sugar. Manganese works as an antioxidant.
At deficiency of manganese appear
the following symptoms: glucose intolerance, loss of tone or power cords,
irregular heartbeat, decreased strength, weight loss.
Many of manganese in oats, wheat
germ, nuts (particularly almonds and hazelnuts), whole grain cereals,
pineapple, plums, beans, sugar beets and lettuce.
Selenium. A rare and very valuable
to the body element. It is vital as an antioxidant and works in collaboration
with Vitamin E. It forms a compound with an enzyme neutralizing free radicals
glyutati-peroxidase, which works as an important antioxidant. Selenium is
needed for the formation of proteins in our body, it supports the normal
functioning of the liver and strengthens the immune system. Selenium - a
component of semen. It helps rid the body of heavy metal ions, including
cadmium and arsenic.
Selenium deficiency causes chest
pain, hair loss, increases susceptibility to infections, there is degeneration
of the muscles, developing eczema, cataracts, psoriasis, car-diomiopatiya,
cystic fibrosis, arthritis, increased risk of cancer.
Sources of selenium yeast, garlic,
eggs, liver and fish.
Silicon. On Earth, silicon - the
second most abundant element (after oxygen). In humans, it is a vital part of
all connective tissues, bones, blood vessels and cartilage. Silica also helps
to strengthen skin cells, hair and nails, improves the synthesis of collagen
and keratin.
Lack of silicon can cause a
weakening of the skin tissue.
The greatest amount of silicon
contained in root vegetables and other types of fiber, fruits and vegetables,
brown rice, hard drinking water.
Zinc. Most of the zinc in the body
is in the bones, but it is necessary to work more than eighty enzymes in the
body and for the formation of red blood cells. Participates in tissue
regeneration.
Zinc deficiency in children slows
growth and reduces appetite.
Sources of zinc: offal and other
meat products, mushrooms, oysters, yeast, eggs, mustard.
Copper. An indispensable component
of many enzymes in the body involved in the formation of red blood cells.
Copper acts as an antioxidant. Copper - stable minerals.
On the evidence of copper deficiency
pale skin, visible veins, intestinal disorders. Sverhdefitsit can lead to bone
fragility, graying hair, and low levels in lymphocytes - to decrease resistance
to infections. Low levels of copper are rare 'because it is a common element.
The largest amount of copper found
in the liver, crab, crayfish, oysters, nuts, whole grain cereals, lentils,
olives and carrots.
Posted By: Wasim Javed
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