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A village Fair

Every year a fair is held in Faqir Abad with great pomp and show in the month of March. This fair is held in the memory of Saint. People from far and wide participate in it.
This year I went to see the fair in the company of my friends. When we reached there, we saw thousands of people who had come from the neighboring villages. They included men, women and children. They were all dressed in beautiful clothes.
Temporary shops or stalls were set up where set up where cheap articles of daily use were available. Girls and women were purchasing ear-rings, bangles and other articles. Children were attracted by the toys. A large number of people were seen buying sweets from different sweet shops. Other shops were set up where the most commonly used cloth was available. The teashops were the most favorite spots. A large number of people were sitting in front of these shops.
When we moved to another side, I saw a juggler who was amusing the people with his clever tricks. His tricks were really marvelous. In the midst of a crowd, I saw a snake-charmer. He was playing on his flute pipe. Before his flute were dancing some serpents. It was really a very interesting sight.
In the afternoon, we saw a very interesting football match played at the High School Ground. When the evening came, the people began to disperse. Everybody was in a hurry to return home. Most of the people were carrying something to their houses. I enjoyed this fair very much. I felt very tired on that day but i enjoyed this delightful fair to my heart's content.

Posted By: Wasim Javed

Question and Answer of Chapter 8: Tobacco And Your Health

Q.1: What is the warning written of the package of cigarette?
Ans: The package of cigarette contains warning against smoking. It says that smoking is injurious to health. Every government tries to make people aware of the danger affects of smoking. For this purpose it bounds the cigarette maker to write on each package that smoking causes damage to health.

Q.2: Who did not know about the dangers of cigarette smoking?
Ans: The people of the past did not know about the dangers of cigarette smoking. They did not know that the smoke from tobacco contains poisonous substances which are injurious to health. It was not in their knowledge that chewing tobacco was as harmful as smoking tobacco.

Q.3: How does tobacco damage health?
Ans: Tobacco damages health in many ways. The heart beat of smoker is fast. His blood pressure is high. Tobacco replaces a portion of oxygen in blood by carbon monoxide which is a dangerous gas. Tobacco contains nicotine which make the blood vessel narrower.

Q.4: Name the three most dangerous substances in cigarette?
Ans: The three most dangerous substances in cigarette are nicotine, carbon monoxide and tar. Nicotine reduces the flow of blood in the body. Carbon monoxide lowers the oxygen level in blood. Tar damages lung tissues.

Q.5: Why do the blood vessels become narrower?
Ans: The blood vessels become narrower because of nicotine. Tobacco contains nicotine which make the blood vessels narrow and narrow. When the blood vessels become narrower, more pressure falls on the heart to pump blood through the body.

Q.6: What lower the oxygen level in a smoker's body?
Ans: Carbon monoxide lowers the oxygen level in a smoker's body. It is very harmful gas. It replaces part of the oxygen in blood.

Q.7: In what way a smoker suffers from Chronic Bronchitis?
Ans:  Chronic Bronchitis is a lung disease. A smoker suffers from this disease when the smoke affects the lining of bronchial tubes. As a result, the tubes produce too much mucus which blocks the air tubes. In order to get rid of it, the smoker coughs a lot.

Q.8: What is the second cause of death among smokers?
Ans: Lung cancer is the second cause of death among smokers. It is very dangerous disease. The only treatment of it is to remove all or part of the diseased lung.

Q.9: Why do smoker's find it difficult to quit this bad habit?
Ans:  Smoker's find it difficult to quit this bad habit because of the presence of nicotine in tobacco. Nicotine is an oily substance which causes physical dependence. The smoker's bodies become very much used to this substance. Its lack causes nervous reaction. Thus it is not easy for smoker's to quit smoking.

Q.10: How does a non-smoker get affected by smoking?
Ans: When a smoker smokes, about two thirds of the smoke form his cigarette spreads in the air around the smoker. When a non-smoker breathes that smoke in, his body is affected the same as that of the smoker. Medical experts have reached the conclusion that those who live in the company of smokers have a greater risk of getting lung cancer.

Q.11: Why do many countries prohibit smoking at public places?
Ans: Many countries prohibit smoking at public places in order to save the non-smoker's from the danger of smoking. It is a fact that when a non-smoker breathes in the smoke emitted by a smoker, his body is affected the same as that of the smoker. So, it is a sensible action to ban smoking at public places.

Q.12: What is the international No Smoking Symbol?
Ans: The international No Smoking Symbol is that of a picture of burning cigarette with a single or double line drawn across it.

Posted By: Wasim Javed

Question and Answer of Chapter 7: Hazrat Umar Farooq (RA)

Q.1: What was the foremost concern of Hazrat Umar (RA)?
Ans: Generous service to humanity was the foremost concern of Hazrat Umar (RA). He wandered about at night in order to know about the condition of his subjects. He helped the poor and the needy.

Q.2: How did he come to know that the children were hungry?
Ans: He often roamed about during the night in order to know about the condition of his subjects. Once, while he was roaming outside Medina, he heard two children crying. One inquiry, the mother of the children told him that her children were weeping because they had not eaten anything. Thus Hazrat Umar (RA) came to know that the children were hungry.

Q.3: What did the Caliph do to feed the hungry family?
Ans: The Caliph went back to Madina.He took a bag of flour and carried it to the woman's house on his back. He then cooked the food himself for the children.He fed them and did not leave the place till their appetite was not satisfied.

Q.4: Why did he apologize to the woman?
Ans: He apologized to the woman because he thought that it was due to his negligence that the children were without food. He was a responsible ruler. He considered it his duty to be aware of the condition of his subjects.

Q.5: Why was the Caliph not eating wheat bread?
Ans: The Caliph knew that there was scarcity of wheat in his kingdom. The available wheat could not fulfill the demand of all the people. It was not available to each and every person of the kingdom. That is why the Caliph was not eating the wheat bread.

Q.6: What according to the Caliph, was his duty towards his people?
Ans: According to the Caliph, he did not consider himself a ruler who enslaves his subjects instead, he considered himself a servant of Allah and His people. He had made it his duty to make his subjects happy and comfortable.

Posted By: Wasim Javed

Question and Answer of Chapter 6: The Income-Tax Man

Q.1: What is the author's first impression on the visitor?
Ans: The author's first impression was that the visitor was a business man. He thought that the visitor had come there to open a shop in their neighborhood.

Q.2: Who is the narrator?
Ans:  Actually, Mark Twin is the narrator. Here in this essay he has presented himself a business man. He is under the misconception that the visitor is also a business man. But unlike, the visitor is an assessor of income tax department.

Q.3: What is unusual about the opening part of the story? Does it contain any hidden implication?
Ans: The opening part of the essay is unusual in the sense that it is ambiguous. The narrator thinks that the visitor is a business man who has come to open a shop in their neighborhood. But actually the visitor is an assessor. The hidden implication is that whatever the narrator should have kept secret, he is unknowingly disclosing it.

Q.4: Why did he start asking the stranger about his business?
Ans: The visitor told the author that he was an assessor. The author did not know the meaning of the word 'assessor'. He was of the opinion that the stranger was a business man. He thought that the man was opening a shop in their neighborhood. That is why he started asking him about his business.

Q.5: Is the author against paying taxes or criticizing the people who do not pay texes?
Ans: Actually, the author want to criticize those people who do not pay taxes. In this essay he says that in order to escape taxes, people do not show their real assets or income which they have.

Q.6: Why did the author call his cook and say, "Hold me while is faint"?
Ans: While leaving, the stranger handed the author a large envelope. When the author opened it, he saw a form there which described the income of the author as well as the huge income tax which he was bound to pay. That made him so sad that he was about to lose his senses. That is why he called his cook and told him to hold him as he was going to faint.

Q.7: In what way was the author able to save income tax?
Ans:  The author was able to save income tax by visiting a very rich man who did not pay any tax. The man took the author's papers and made some calculations. He wrote down falsely state, national and city taxes which the writer has paid. Then he mentioned the losses due to flood, fire and so many other losses which he had suffered. Thus the author had been shown a person whose annual income was only one thousand, two hundred and fifty dollars.

Q.8: What did the envelope contain?
Ans: The envelope contained a form having a long list of questions. All the questions were related to the author's private affairs. The forma also contained a report showing his income which he received from different sources. Lastly, it contained the income tax which the author had to submit in the government treasury.

Q.9: What is your impression of the,"very best of the rich men of the city"?
Ans: The above phrase means that the rich people ware considered the best one. They are given great respect. They are given preference over poor people. They themselves consider themselves superior to common people. But when the question of income tax arises, these people commit tax evasion by showing themselves poor. They show big losses in their business.

Q.10: What is the essence of the title?
Ans: The title of the essay it "The Income-Tax Man". Tax is the amount of money which people pay to the government according to the level of their income. People, all over the world, try to escape income tax. For this purpose they do not show their real income or other valuable things which they have in their possession.

Posted By: Wasim Javed

Managing Files and Folders

File:  A collection of related data or programs/records stored as a unit with a single name is called a file.
Folder: Collection of files and /or folders is called folder.
Drive:  A storage medium in which data may be organized and maintained in the form of files and folders.

1. To create New Folder: 
Right click on the Desktop empty area Or The drive in which you want to create new Folder.
Select the new option and then click on the folder option.
Give the name to this new folder.

2. To rename the Folder: 
Right click on the folder.
Click on the rename option.
New you can give another name to it.
OR
Press F2 from keyboard to rename the folder.

3. To Copy and Paste the Folder:
Right click on the folder.
Click on the Copy option.
Now your can Paste this Folder anywhere you like.

4. To Cut and Paste a Folder:
Right click of the folder.
Click on the Cut option.
Now paste this folder in another location, where you want to place it.

5. To Drag a File or Folder:
Click on the File and Folder.
Press and hold left mouse Button and move it.
Now leave the mouse button.

6. To Delete a File and Folder:
Right click on the File or Folder.
Click on the Delete option
The selected File or Folder will be deleted.

7. Keyboard Short Cut Keys:
Press Ctrl+X         to Cut a Folder.
Press Ctrl+C         to Copy a Folder.
Press Ctrl+V         to Paste a Folder.

Posted By: Wasim Javed

Components of a Windows Screen

Following are some basic components of any Windows Screen in Windows operating system.
These are the components:

a) Title Bar:  An area at the top of a windows that contains the name of the file or application in the windows.

b) Menu Bar:  This is the strip below the Title Bar. The menu bar has the program function organized in menus. For example, when we click on File, the different operations that can performed with files are displayed.

c) Tool Bar: The Tool Bar contains icons to immediately execute some of the most often used commands. These commands can also be executed from the menu Bar.

d) Scroll Bar:  The bar on the side (vertical) or bottom (horizontal) of a computer screen window that allows users to navigate up and down (or from side to side) through the window's contents.

e) Status Bar: A horizontal line of information displayed at the bottom of an application window. It reports information about the current state of the program or the data contents in the window. For example, the status bar in an MS Word documents window shows detail about page, section etc.

f) Maximize and Minimize button:
Maximize: The maximize button enlarge the size of the window to the whole screen.
Minimize:  The minimize button shrinks the windows it turns it into a bar located in the Windows taskbar.

g) Close Button: The Close button closes the window.

Posted By: Wasim Javed

Working with Windows

We can open any program in Windows operating system using one of the following three ways.

a) Opening a program using Desktop:
We can following steps to open program like MS Word, using desktop. Click on MS Word icon on desktop.Microsoft Word program will be opened. We can use the same step for opening any other program.

b) Opening a program using Start Menu:
We can also use following steps to open a MS Word using start menu.
1. Click on Start Menu.
2. Select Programs option.
3. Select Microsoft Office option.
4. Select Microsoft Office Word option.
Microsoft Word program will be opened. We can use same steps for opening of any other program.

c) Opening a program using Run Command:
 We can use following steps to open MS Word using Run Command.
1. Click on the Start Menu.
2. Click on run option.
3. Type the name of file, which you want to open/run. e.g Winword for MS. Word.

Posted By: Wasim Javed

Introduction to Windows

The software / program in computer which is responsible to start and control functionality of computer is called operating system. It acts as a bridge between user and the physical parts of computer. Without an operating system, it is not possible for a computer to work.

Stepping into windows:
MS-Windows is a GUI (Graphical User Interface) operating system. It includes graphical objects such as different types of colored screen called windows and also other objects such as icons, folders, buttons, dialogue boxes etc.

Starting a computer:
To turn the computer on, find its power button from system box and press it.
The starting process of computer is called Booting.

To shut down your computer:
1. Click the Start button. The start menu will appear.
2. Click turn off computer. The turn off computer dialog box will appear.
3. Click the turn off option. Your computer will shut down.

How do I restart my computer:
To shut down and immediately restart your computer:
1. Click on the start button. The start menu will appear.
2. Click on the turn off computer.
3. Click the Restart option. Your computer will be restarted.

Following are the components of Desktop Windows screen.

a) Desktop: After you have started the computer, the area you are looking at is called the desktop.
b) Taskbar start button/ Start menu: Normally at the bottom of the desktop there is a bar called taskbar. The leftmost button on the taskbar is known as start button.
c) Notification area: It is also called the system tray or just tray. This area on the right end of the taskbar contains the clock and several notification icons. For example, a speaker icon lets you view and change the volume level.
d) Desktop icons:  An icon is a small picture with a caption (name) that represents a file, folder, or program on your computer. Double-clicking on an icon will open or launch the file, folder, or program. some commonly used desktop icons are:
1. My Computer: My computer icon provides access to the resources of your computer.

2. My  Documents:  My documents is the name of a special folder on the computer's desktop. It is commonly used to store a user's documents, music, pictures, download, and other files.
3. Recycle Bin:  When we delete a file or folder in Windows. Windows sends it to the Recycle Bin. We can restore files or folder that are located in the Recycle Bin or we can permanently delete them.
4. Internet Explorer:  The icon Internet Explorer is used to quickly access internet.

Posted By: Wasim Javed