Like the my older post of definition of a problem, by which we can get the basic understanding to it, analysis of the problem is also required. Once a problem has been defined, it must be properly analyzed. By this, we mean that definition of a problem is made as whole whereas the analysis is done in such a way that a problem is divided into various parts called sub-problem and each of these sub-problems are properly arranged in such a way that the sub-problem solution in that specific arrangement of each problem will lead to the overall solution of the main problem.
Analysis of the problem has a lot of advantages. If the problem is analyzed, the problem solver can make his / her logic according to that analysis. Analysis of the problem means looking the problem from each and every angle and finding out some type of initial gateway to its solution that will be the best of all the solutions. Analysis of the problem is just like factorizing a mathematical equation to find out its solution. A mathematical problem which cannot be solved without factorization can be solved when it is correctly factorized. Similarly a hug and complicated problem can be solved with correct logic or wisdom when it is analyzed properly and accurately.
Another example of analysis of a problem may be given like we have a bundle of sticks which has to be broken. Now in this case, if a large number of sticks are tied in that bundle, it will too much difficult to break it as a whole. Now the statement of the problem is "To break the sticks in the bundle in any way:. Proper analysis will soon result into the idea to unite the sticks and break them one by one.
It mus be kept in mind that if we properly understand the problem i.e we can successfully define the problem and we have certain logic or wisdom in our mind by which we can analyze and solve the defined problem, only then we shall be able to solve the problem computationally by means of computer program. A computer is having hardware and software that can perform useful operations, even though a computer is being instructed by its programmer and following these programmer instructions, it solves problems. If someone does not have a correct definition and analysis of certain problem, he/she has no logical basis to solve it then he/she cannot give it to the computer to solve it. The output obtained from the steps of problem definition and analysis is the logic of the programmer and it is more important than typing a program or writing a program. A lot of time and hard work is needed to make the logic of programming efficient and the best. For this, most experienced programmers give 90% of their time and effort for improvement of the logic of their programs.
Posted By: Wasim Javed
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Problem Solving
Whenever we are writing a computer program, our purpose is to solve a problem computationally. So the basic purpose of computer programming is solution of our daily life problems of different areas. This process of programming or problem solving is not just typing a program and then checking its output rather it is a process in which multiple steps fare involved. Our computer programming to solve a program consists of a number of steps which can be described one by one.
Defining the problem:
Problem definition is an important aspect problem solving whether that my be the computer field or any other field. By defining the problem one understand that what input or data has been given and what type of output is required. By this understanding one can get the initial point from where the solution to the problem can be found.
It must be kept in mind that problem definition is a very important step because the way we understand a problem starts right from this step. If a problem is clearly and correctly defined, the solution is highly simplified. One the other hand if some failure occurs in the definition of the problem, the entire solution becomes doubtful and complicated. This problem definition is a statement which is stated correctly, makes it easier to the problem solver how to solve it.
Posted By: Wasim Javed
Defining the problem:
Problem definition is an important aspect problem solving whether that my be the computer field or any other field. By defining the problem one understand that what input or data has been given and what type of output is required. By this understanding one can get the initial point from where the solution to the problem can be found.
It must be kept in mind that problem definition is a very important step because the way we understand a problem starts right from this step. If a problem is clearly and correctly defined, the solution is highly simplified. One the other hand if some failure occurs in the definition of the problem, the entire solution becomes doubtful and complicated. This problem definition is a statement which is stated correctly, makes it easier to the problem solver how to solve it.
Posted By: Wasim Javed
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Computer Science,
Notes of Computer
Essay A House on fire
Last Tuesday I was coming from school when I saw clouds so smoke near my house. I ran towards the spot. When I reached there, I saw that a house was on fire. It was terrible sight.
Many people had gathered there. The men in the house were crying for help. The fire was spreading. We all tried our best to put out the fire. Some of us threw buckets of water on it. Others threw sand and dust on it. Some brave men passed through the smoke and brought out small children and valuable things. It was very difficult for us to control the fire. No one knew what to do. It was a critical situation because the flames were rising high and high.
A good idea came to my mind. I ran to house and rang up the fire brigade. The fire brigade arrived there in fifteen minutes. The staff of the fire brigade fought bravely with the flames. Some of them laid water pipes and began to throw water on the spreading flames. Others brought out the inmates of the house. Though they received severe burn injuries but they did not care. At last, the fire was extinguished in half an hour. It did a great damage to the house. Clothes, furniture and other valuable articles were burnt. But thanks God that there was no loss of human life. On inquiry it was found that the leakage of gas cylinder was the cause of the fire.
Posted By: Wasim Javed
Many people had gathered there. The men in the house were crying for help. The fire was spreading. We all tried our best to put out the fire. Some of us threw buckets of water on it. Others threw sand and dust on it. Some brave men passed through the smoke and brought out small children and valuable things. It was very difficult for us to control the fire. No one knew what to do. It was a critical situation because the flames were rising high and high.
A good idea came to my mind. I ran to house and rang up the fire brigade. The fire brigade arrived there in fifteen minutes. The staff of the fire brigade fought bravely with the flames. Some of them laid water pipes and began to throw water on the spreading flames. Others brought out the inmates of the house. Though they received severe burn injuries but they did not care. At last, the fire was extinguished in half an hour. It did a great damage to the house. Clothes, furniture and other valuable articles were burnt. But thanks God that there was no loss of human life. On inquiry it was found that the leakage of gas cylinder was the cause of the fire.
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Essays
Question and Answer of Chapter 9: Muslim of china
Q.1: Why didn't Ma Chang feel cut off from his fellow Muslims?
Ans: Ma Chang did not feel cut off from his fellow Muslims because there was no check on the Muslims in China. There, they were allowed to pray the way the Muslims prayed. They could observe all those rules which the Muslims throughout the world observed. They could lead their lives the way the Holy Prophet (SAW) had instructed the Muslims to lead.
Q.2: What happened in the 8th century?
Ans: In the 8th century, the Muslims armies reached the borders of China. Before China was captured, Caliph Waleed bin Abdul-Malik died and the General was killed. After death of the Caliph and General, the Muslims army made peace with the Chinese Emperor. The army turned back but left some Muslims in China who were allowed by the Emperor to live there peacefully.
Q.3: How did the Muslim merchants reach China and where did they settle?
Ans: The Muslim merchants reached China by sea. They settled in big ports.
Q.4: Who was Ibn-e-Batuta and when did he reach China?
Ans: Ibn-e-Batuta was a very great Arab traveler. He reached China in 14th century. He liked the country very much. He praised the good government of China and its five roads in his book which he wrote about his travels.
Q.5: When was people's Republic of China set up?
Ans: People's Republic of China was set up in 1949. It was set up in Peking. It was a communist government.
Q.6: Who was Yang and how did his mother teach him a lesson?
Ans: Yang was a poor boy.His father died when he was only three years old. His mother weaved cloth which she used to sell so that her son could get good education. When one day she saw that her son had run away from school, she cut into pieces the cloth which she had been weaving for several days. On his asking, the mother told him that he would not be so sad at spoiling the cloth as she was at his leaving the school. These words of his mother affected him so much that wen back to school at once and started working hard.
Q.7: How did Chang help his father in the field?
Ans: Chang helped his father in the field by spending a lot of his time there.He worked hard in the field so that they could have a great yield. He took care of the young shoots and the leaves of the beans, peas, tomatoes and potatoes which had just sprouted.
Q.8: Where is the Yellow River and why is it named so?
Ans: The Yellow River is in China. It is the second longest river in Asia and the sixth longest in the word. Its estimated length is 5464 kilometers. It is called the Yellow River because it brings with it a great deal of yellow mug which deposited in the plain.
Q.9: Name the famous crops of China?
Ans: The famous crops of China are corn, rice, soya beans are millet etc. Corn is the main crop of northern China where rice is very expensive. Rice is the main crop grown mainly in southern portion of China. Crops grow in abundance in China on account of having yellow mud which the Yellow River carries along with it.
Q.10: Where is the Great Wall of China situated and what are its dimensions?
Ans: The Great Wall of China is situated along the northern border of China. It is made of bricks and stones. It is about 30 feet high and 13 fee wide. There are watch-towers for the soldiers to keep watch on enemies.
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Ans: Ma Chang did not feel cut off from his fellow Muslims because there was no check on the Muslims in China. There, they were allowed to pray the way the Muslims prayed. They could observe all those rules which the Muslims throughout the world observed. They could lead their lives the way the Holy Prophet (SAW) had instructed the Muslims to lead.
Q.2: What happened in the 8th century?
Ans: In the 8th century, the Muslims armies reached the borders of China. Before China was captured, Caliph Waleed bin Abdul-Malik died and the General was killed. After death of the Caliph and General, the Muslims army made peace with the Chinese Emperor. The army turned back but left some Muslims in China who were allowed by the Emperor to live there peacefully.
Q.3: How did the Muslim merchants reach China and where did they settle?
Ans: The Muslim merchants reached China by sea. They settled in big ports.
Q.4: Who was Ibn-e-Batuta and when did he reach China?
Ans: Ibn-e-Batuta was a very great Arab traveler. He reached China in 14th century. He liked the country very much. He praised the good government of China and its five roads in his book which he wrote about his travels.
Q.5: When was people's Republic of China set up?
Ans: People's Republic of China was set up in 1949. It was set up in Peking. It was a communist government.
Q.6: Who was Yang and how did his mother teach him a lesson?
Ans: Yang was a poor boy.His father died when he was only three years old. His mother weaved cloth which she used to sell so that her son could get good education. When one day she saw that her son had run away from school, she cut into pieces the cloth which she had been weaving for several days. On his asking, the mother told him that he would not be so sad at spoiling the cloth as she was at his leaving the school. These words of his mother affected him so much that wen back to school at once and started working hard.
Q.7: How did Chang help his father in the field?
Ans: Chang helped his father in the field by spending a lot of his time there.He worked hard in the field so that they could have a great yield. He took care of the young shoots and the leaves of the beans, peas, tomatoes and potatoes which had just sprouted.
Q.8: Where is the Yellow River and why is it named so?
Ans: The Yellow River is in China. It is the second longest river in Asia and the sixth longest in the word. Its estimated length is 5464 kilometers. It is called the Yellow River because it brings with it a great deal of yellow mug which deposited in the plain.
Q.9: Name the famous crops of China?
Ans: The famous crops of China are corn, rice, soya beans are millet etc. Corn is the main crop of northern China where rice is very expensive. Rice is the main crop grown mainly in southern portion of China. Crops grow in abundance in China on account of having yellow mud which the Yellow River carries along with it.
Q.10: Where is the Great Wall of China situated and what are its dimensions?
Ans: The Great Wall of China is situated along the northern border of China. It is made of bricks and stones. It is about 30 feet high and 13 fee wide. There are watch-towers for the soldiers to keep watch on enemies.
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A village Fair
Every year a fair is held in Faqir Abad with great pomp and show in the month of March. This fair is held in the memory of Saint. People from far and wide participate in it.
This year I went to see the fair in the company of my friends. When we reached there, we saw thousands of people who had come from the neighboring villages. They included men, women and children. They were all dressed in beautiful clothes.
Temporary shops or stalls were set up where set up where cheap articles of daily use were available. Girls and women were purchasing ear-rings, bangles and other articles. Children were attracted by the toys. A large number of people were seen buying sweets from different sweet shops. Other shops were set up where the most commonly used cloth was available. The teashops were the most favorite spots. A large number of people were sitting in front of these shops.
When we moved to another side, I saw a juggler who was amusing the people with his clever tricks. His tricks were really marvelous. In the midst of a crowd, I saw a snake-charmer. He was playing on his flute pipe. Before his flute were dancing some serpents. It was really a very interesting sight.
In the afternoon, we saw a very interesting football match played at the High School Ground. When the evening came, the people began to disperse. Everybody was in a hurry to return home. Most of the people were carrying something to their houses. I enjoyed this fair very much. I felt very tired on that day but i enjoyed this delightful fair to my heart's content.
Posted By: Wasim Javed
This year I went to see the fair in the company of my friends. When we reached there, we saw thousands of people who had come from the neighboring villages. They included men, women and children. They were all dressed in beautiful clothes.
Temporary shops or stalls were set up where set up where cheap articles of daily use were available. Girls and women were purchasing ear-rings, bangles and other articles. Children were attracted by the toys. A large number of people were seen buying sweets from different sweet shops. Other shops were set up where the most commonly used cloth was available. The teashops were the most favorite spots. A large number of people were sitting in front of these shops.
When we moved to another side, I saw a juggler who was amusing the people with his clever tricks. His tricks were really marvelous. In the midst of a crowd, I saw a snake-charmer. He was playing on his flute pipe. Before his flute were dancing some serpents. It was really a very interesting sight.
In the afternoon, we saw a very interesting football match played at the High School Ground. When the evening came, the people began to disperse. Everybody was in a hurry to return home. Most of the people were carrying something to their houses. I enjoyed this fair very much. I felt very tired on that day but i enjoyed this delightful fair to my heart's content.
Posted By: Wasim Javed
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Essays
Question and Answer of Chapter 8: Tobacco And Your Health
Q.1: What is the warning written of the package of cigarette?
Ans: The package of cigarette contains warning against smoking. It says that smoking is injurious to health. Every government tries to make people aware of the danger affects of smoking. For this purpose it bounds the cigarette maker to write on each package that smoking causes damage to health.
Q.2: Who did not know about the dangers of cigarette smoking?
Ans: The people of the past did not know about the dangers of cigarette smoking. They did not know that the smoke from tobacco contains poisonous substances which are injurious to health. It was not in their knowledge that chewing tobacco was as harmful as smoking tobacco.
Q.3: How does tobacco damage health?
Ans: Tobacco damages health in many ways. The heart beat of smoker is fast. His blood pressure is high. Tobacco replaces a portion of oxygen in blood by carbon monoxide which is a dangerous gas. Tobacco contains nicotine which make the blood vessel narrower.
Q.4: Name the three most dangerous substances in cigarette?
Ans: The three most dangerous substances in cigarette are nicotine, carbon monoxide and tar. Nicotine reduces the flow of blood in the body. Carbon monoxide lowers the oxygen level in blood. Tar damages lung tissues.
Q.5: Why do the blood vessels become narrower?
Ans: The blood vessels become narrower because of nicotine. Tobacco contains nicotine which make the blood vessels narrow and narrow. When the blood vessels become narrower, more pressure falls on the heart to pump blood through the body.
Q.6: What lower the oxygen level in a smoker's body?
Ans: Carbon monoxide lowers the oxygen level in a smoker's body. It is very harmful gas. It replaces part of the oxygen in blood.
Q.7: In what way a smoker suffers from Chronic Bronchitis?
Ans: Chronic Bronchitis is a lung disease. A smoker suffers from this disease when the smoke affects the lining of bronchial tubes. As a result, the tubes produce too much mucus which blocks the air tubes. In order to get rid of it, the smoker coughs a lot.
Q.8: What is the second cause of death among smokers?
Ans: Lung cancer is the second cause of death among smokers. It is very dangerous disease. The only treatment of it is to remove all or part of the diseased lung.
Q.9: Why do smoker's find it difficult to quit this bad habit?
Ans: Smoker's find it difficult to quit this bad habit because of the presence of nicotine in tobacco. Nicotine is an oily substance which causes physical dependence. The smoker's bodies become very much used to this substance. Its lack causes nervous reaction. Thus it is not easy for smoker's to quit smoking.
Q.10: How does a non-smoker get affected by smoking?
Ans: When a smoker smokes, about two thirds of the smoke form his cigarette spreads in the air around the smoker. When a non-smoker breathes that smoke in, his body is affected the same as that of the smoker. Medical experts have reached the conclusion that those who live in the company of smokers have a greater risk of getting lung cancer.
Q.11: Why do many countries prohibit smoking at public places?
Ans: Many countries prohibit smoking at public places in order to save the non-smoker's from the danger of smoking. It is a fact that when a non-smoker breathes in the smoke emitted by a smoker, his body is affected the same as that of the smoker. So, it is a sensible action to ban smoking at public places.
Q.12: What is the international No Smoking Symbol?
Ans: The international No Smoking Symbol is that of a picture of burning cigarette with a single or double line drawn across it.
Posted By: Wasim Javed
Ans: The package of cigarette contains warning against smoking. It says that smoking is injurious to health. Every government tries to make people aware of the danger affects of smoking. For this purpose it bounds the cigarette maker to write on each package that smoking causes damage to health.
Q.2: Who did not know about the dangers of cigarette smoking?
Ans: The people of the past did not know about the dangers of cigarette smoking. They did not know that the smoke from tobacco contains poisonous substances which are injurious to health. It was not in their knowledge that chewing tobacco was as harmful as smoking tobacco.
Q.3: How does tobacco damage health?
Ans: Tobacco damages health in many ways. The heart beat of smoker is fast. His blood pressure is high. Tobacco replaces a portion of oxygen in blood by carbon monoxide which is a dangerous gas. Tobacco contains nicotine which make the blood vessel narrower.
Q.4: Name the three most dangerous substances in cigarette?
Ans: The three most dangerous substances in cigarette are nicotine, carbon monoxide and tar. Nicotine reduces the flow of blood in the body. Carbon monoxide lowers the oxygen level in blood. Tar damages lung tissues.
Q.5: Why do the blood vessels become narrower?
Ans: The blood vessels become narrower because of nicotine. Tobacco contains nicotine which make the blood vessels narrow and narrow. When the blood vessels become narrower, more pressure falls on the heart to pump blood through the body.
Q.6: What lower the oxygen level in a smoker's body?
Ans: Carbon monoxide lowers the oxygen level in a smoker's body. It is very harmful gas. It replaces part of the oxygen in blood.
Q.7: In what way a smoker suffers from Chronic Bronchitis?
Ans: Chronic Bronchitis is a lung disease. A smoker suffers from this disease when the smoke affects the lining of bronchial tubes. As a result, the tubes produce too much mucus which blocks the air tubes. In order to get rid of it, the smoker coughs a lot.
Q.8: What is the second cause of death among smokers?
Ans: Lung cancer is the second cause of death among smokers. It is very dangerous disease. The only treatment of it is to remove all or part of the diseased lung.
Q.9: Why do smoker's find it difficult to quit this bad habit?
Ans: Smoker's find it difficult to quit this bad habit because of the presence of nicotine in tobacco. Nicotine is an oily substance which causes physical dependence. The smoker's bodies become very much used to this substance. Its lack causes nervous reaction. Thus it is not easy for smoker's to quit smoking.
Q.10: How does a non-smoker get affected by smoking?
Ans: When a smoker smokes, about two thirds of the smoke form his cigarette spreads in the air around the smoker. When a non-smoker breathes that smoke in, his body is affected the same as that of the smoker. Medical experts have reached the conclusion that those who live in the company of smokers have a greater risk of getting lung cancer.
Q.11: Why do many countries prohibit smoking at public places?
Ans: Many countries prohibit smoking at public places in order to save the non-smoker's from the danger of smoking. It is a fact that when a non-smoker breathes in the smoke emitted by a smoker, his body is affected the same as that of the smoker. So, it is a sensible action to ban smoking at public places.
Q.12: What is the international No Smoking Symbol?
Ans: The international No Smoking Symbol is that of a picture of burning cigarette with a single or double line drawn across it.
Posted By: Wasim Javed
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Question and Answer of Chapter 7: Hazrat Umar Farooq (RA)
Q.1: What was the foremost concern of Hazrat Umar (RA)?
Ans: Generous service to humanity was the foremost concern of Hazrat Umar (RA). He wandered about at night in order to know about the condition of his subjects. He helped the poor and the needy.
Q.2: How did he come to know that the children were hungry?
Ans: He often roamed about during the night in order to know about the condition of his subjects. Once, while he was roaming outside Medina, he heard two children crying. One inquiry, the mother of the children told him that her children were weeping because they had not eaten anything. Thus Hazrat Umar (RA) came to know that the children were hungry.
Q.3: What did the Caliph do to feed the hungry family?
Ans: The Caliph went back to Madina.He took a bag of flour and carried it to the woman's house on his back. He then cooked the food himself for the children.He fed them and did not leave the place till their appetite was not satisfied.
Q.4: Why did he apologize to the woman?
Ans: He apologized to the woman because he thought that it was due to his negligence that the children were without food. He was a responsible ruler. He considered it his duty to be aware of the condition of his subjects.
Q.5: Why was the Caliph not eating wheat bread?
Ans: The Caliph knew that there was scarcity of wheat in his kingdom. The available wheat could not fulfill the demand of all the people. It was not available to each and every person of the kingdom. That is why the Caliph was not eating the wheat bread.
Q.6: What according to the Caliph, was his duty towards his people?
Ans: According to the Caliph, he did not consider himself a ruler who enslaves his subjects instead, he considered himself a servant of Allah and His people. He had made it his duty to make his subjects happy and comfortable.
Posted By: Wasim Javed
Ans: Generous service to humanity was the foremost concern of Hazrat Umar (RA). He wandered about at night in order to know about the condition of his subjects. He helped the poor and the needy.
Q.2: How did he come to know that the children were hungry?
Ans: He often roamed about during the night in order to know about the condition of his subjects. Once, while he was roaming outside Medina, he heard two children crying. One inquiry, the mother of the children told him that her children were weeping because they had not eaten anything. Thus Hazrat Umar (RA) came to know that the children were hungry.
Q.3: What did the Caliph do to feed the hungry family?
Ans: The Caliph went back to Madina.He took a bag of flour and carried it to the woman's house on his back. He then cooked the food himself for the children.He fed them and did not leave the place till their appetite was not satisfied.
Q.4: Why did he apologize to the woman?
Ans: He apologized to the woman because he thought that it was due to his negligence that the children were without food. He was a responsible ruler. He considered it his duty to be aware of the condition of his subjects.
Q.5: Why was the Caliph not eating wheat bread?
Ans: The Caliph knew that there was scarcity of wheat in his kingdom. The available wheat could not fulfill the demand of all the people. It was not available to each and every person of the kingdom. That is why the Caliph was not eating the wheat bread.
Q.6: What according to the Caliph, was his duty towards his people?
Ans: According to the Caliph, he did not consider himself a ruler who enslaves his subjects instead, he considered himself a servant of Allah and His people. He had made it his duty to make his subjects happy and comfortable.
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Questions & Answers
Question and Answer of Chapter 6: The Income-Tax Man
Q.1: What is the author's first impression on the visitor?
Ans: The author's first impression was that the visitor was a business man. He thought that the visitor had come there to open a shop in their neighborhood.
Q.2: Who is the narrator?
Ans: Actually, Mark Twin is the narrator. Here in this essay he has presented himself a business man. He is under the misconception that the visitor is also a business man. But unlike, the visitor is an assessor of income tax department.
Q.3: What is unusual about the opening part of the story? Does it contain any hidden implication?
Ans: The opening part of the essay is unusual in the sense that it is ambiguous. The narrator thinks that the visitor is a business man who has come to open a shop in their neighborhood. But actually the visitor is an assessor. The hidden implication is that whatever the narrator should have kept secret, he is unknowingly disclosing it.
Q.4: Why did he start asking the stranger about his business?
Ans: The visitor told the author that he was an assessor. The author did not know the meaning of the word 'assessor'. He was of the opinion that the stranger was a business man. He thought that the man was opening a shop in their neighborhood. That is why he started asking him about his business.
Q.5: Is the author against paying taxes or criticizing the people who do not pay texes?
Ans: Actually, the author want to criticize those people who do not pay taxes. In this essay he says that in order to escape taxes, people do not show their real assets or income which they have.
Q.6: Why did the author call his cook and say, "Hold me while is faint"?
Ans: While leaving, the stranger handed the author a large envelope. When the author opened it, he saw a form there which described the income of the author as well as the huge income tax which he was bound to pay. That made him so sad that he was about to lose his senses. That is why he called his cook and told him to hold him as he was going to faint.
Q.7: In what way was the author able to save income tax?
Ans: The author was able to save income tax by visiting a very rich man who did not pay any tax. The man took the author's papers and made some calculations. He wrote down falsely state, national and city taxes which the writer has paid. Then he mentioned the losses due to flood, fire and so many other losses which he had suffered. Thus the author had been shown a person whose annual income was only one thousand, two hundred and fifty dollars.
Q.8: What did the envelope contain?
Ans: The envelope contained a form having a long list of questions. All the questions were related to the author's private affairs. The forma also contained a report showing his income which he received from different sources. Lastly, it contained the income tax which the author had to submit in the government treasury.
Q.9: What is your impression of the,"very best of the rich men of the city"?
Ans: The above phrase means that the rich people ware considered the best one. They are given great respect. They are given preference over poor people. They themselves consider themselves superior to common people. But when the question of income tax arises, these people commit tax evasion by showing themselves poor. They show big losses in their business.
Q.10: What is the essence of the title?
Ans: The title of the essay it "The Income-Tax Man". Tax is the amount of money which people pay to the government according to the level of their income. People, all over the world, try to escape income tax. For this purpose they do not show their real income or other valuable things which they have in their possession.
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Ans: The author's first impression was that the visitor was a business man. He thought that the visitor had come there to open a shop in their neighborhood.
Q.2: Who is the narrator?
Ans: Actually, Mark Twin is the narrator. Here in this essay he has presented himself a business man. He is under the misconception that the visitor is also a business man. But unlike, the visitor is an assessor of income tax department.
Q.3: What is unusual about the opening part of the story? Does it contain any hidden implication?
Ans: The opening part of the essay is unusual in the sense that it is ambiguous. The narrator thinks that the visitor is a business man who has come to open a shop in their neighborhood. But actually the visitor is an assessor. The hidden implication is that whatever the narrator should have kept secret, he is unknowingly disclosing it.
Q.4: Why did he start asking the stranger about his business?
Ans: The visitor told the author that he was an assessor. The author did not know the meaning of the word 'assessor'. He was of the opinion that the stranger was a business man. He thought that the man was opening a shop in their neighborhood. That is why he started asking him about his business.
Q.5: Is the author against paying taxes or criticizing the people who do not pay texes?
Ans: Actually, the author want to criticize those people who do not pay taxes. In this essay he says that in order to escape taxes, people do not show their real assets or income which they have.
Q.6: Why did the author call his cook and say, "Hold me while is faint"?
Ans: While leaving, the stranger handed the author a large envelope. When the author opened it, he saw a form there which described the income of the author as well as the huge income tax which he was bound to pay. That made him so sad that he was about to lose his senses. That is why he called his cook and told him to hold him as he was going to faint.
Q.7: In what way was the author able to save income tax?
Ans: The author was able to save income tax by visiting a very rich man who did not pay any tax. The man took the author's papers and made some calculations. He wrote down falsely state, national and city taxes which the writer has paid. Then he mentioned the losses due to flood, fire and so many other losses which he had suffered. Thus the author had been shown a person whose annual income was only one thousand, two hundred and fifty dollars.
Q.8: What did the envelope contain?
Ans: The envelope contained a form having a long list of questions. All the questions were related to the author's private affairs. The forma also contained a report showing his income which he received from different sources. Lastly, it contained the income tax which the author had to submit in the government treasury.
Q.9: What is your impression of the,"very best of the rich men of the city"?
Ans: The above phrase means that the rich people ware considered the best one. They are given great respect. They are given preference over poor people. They themselves consider themselves superior to common people. But when the question of income tax arises, these people commit tax evasion by showing themselves poor. They show big losses in their business.
Q.10: What is the essence of the title?
Ans: The title of the essay it "The Income-Tax Man". Tax is the amount of money which people pay to the government according to the level of their income. People, all over the world, try to escape income tax. For this purpose they do not show their real income or other valuable things which they have in their possession.
Posted By: Wasim Javed
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Questions & Answers
Managing Files and Folders
File: A collection of related data or programs/records stored as a unit with a single name is called a file.
Folder: Collection of files and /or folders is called folder.
Drive: A storage medium in which data may be organized and maintained in the form of files and folders.
1. To create New Folder:
Right click on the Desktop empty area Or The drive in which you want to create new Folder.
Select the new option and then click on the folder option.
Give the name to this new folder.
2. To rename the Folder:
Right click on the folder.
Click on the rename option.
New you can give another name to it.
OR
Press F2 from keyboard to rename the folder.
3. To Copy and Paste the Folder:
Right click on the folder.
Click on the Copy option.
Now your can Paste this Folder anywhere you like.
4. To Cut and Paste a Folder:
Right click of the folder.
Click on the Cut option.
Now paste this folder in another location, where you want to place it.
5. To Drag a File or Folder:
Click on the File and Folder.
Press and hold left mouse Button and move it.
Now leave the mouse button.
6. To Delete a File and Folder:
Right click on the File or Folder.
Click on the Delete option
The selected File or Folder will be deleted.
7. Keyboard Short Cut Keys:
Press Ctrl+X to Cut a Folder.
Press Ctrl+C to Copy a Folder.
Press Ctrl+V to Paste a Folder.
Posted By: Wasim Javed
Folder: Collection of files and /or folders is called folder.
Drive: A storage medium in which data may be organized and maintained in the form of files and folders.
1. To create New Folder:
Right click on the Desktop empty area Or The drive in which you want to create new Folder.
Select the new option and then click on the folder option.
Give the name to this new folder.
2. To rename the Folder:
Right click on the folder.
Click on the rename option.
New you can give another name to it.
OR
Press F2 from keyboard to rename the folder.
3. To Copy and Paste the Folder:
Right click on the folder.
Click on the Copy option.
Now your can Paste this Folder anywhere you like.
4. To Cut and Paste a Folder:
Right click of the folder.
Click on the Cut option.
Now paste this folder in another location, where you want to place it.
5. To Drag a File or Folder:
Click on the File and Folder.
Press and hold left mouse Button and move it.
Now leave the mouse button.
6. To Delete a File and Folder:
Right click on the File or Folder.
Click on the Delete option
The selected File or Folder will be deleted.
7. Keyboard Short Cut Keys:
Press Ctrl+X to Cut a Folder.
Press Ctrl+C to Copy a Folder.
Press Ctrl+V to Paste a Folder.
Posted By: Wasim Javed
Components of a Windows Screen
Following are some basic components of any Windows Screen in Windows operating system.
These are the components:
a) Title Bar: An area at the top of a windows that contains the name of the file or application in the windows.
b) Menu Bar: This is the strip below the Title Bar. The menu bar has the program function organized in menus. For example, when we click on File, the different operations that can performed with files are displayed.
c) Tool Bar: The Tool Bar contains icons to immediately execute some of the most often used commands. These commands can also be executed from the menu Bar.
d) Scroll Bar: The bar on the side (vertical) or bottom (horizontal) of a computer screen window that allows users to navigate up and down (or from side to side) through the window's contents.
e) Status Bar: A horizontal line of information displayed at the bottom of an application window. It reports information about the current state of the program or the data contents in the window. For example, the status bar in an MS Word documents window shows detail about page, section etc.
f) Maximize and Minimize button:
Maximize: The maximize button enlarge the size of the window to the whole screen.
Minimize: The minimize button shrinks the windows it turns it into a bar located in the Windows taskbar.
g) Close Button: The Close button closes the window.
Posted By: Wasim Javed
These are the components:
a) Title Bar: An area at the top of a windows that contains the name of the file or application in the windows.
b) Menu Bar: This is the strip below the Title Bar. The menu bar has the program function organized in menus. For example, when we click on File, the different operations that can performed with files are displayed.
c) Tool Bar: The Tool Bar contains icons to immediately execute some of the most often used commands. These commands can also be executed from the menu Bar.
d) Scroll Bar: The bar on the side (vertical) or bottom (horizontal) of a computer screen window that allows users to navigate up and down (or from side to side) through the window's contents.
e) Status Bar: A horizontal line of information displayed at the bottom of an application window. It reports information about the current state of the program or the data contents in the window. For example, the status bar in an MS Word documents window shows detail about page, section etc.
f) Maximize and Minimize button:
Maximize: The maximize button enlarge the size of the window to the whole screen.
Minimize: The minimize button shrinks the windows it turns it into a bar located in the Windows taskbar.
g) Close Button: The Close button closes the window.
Posted By: Wasim Javed
Working with Windows
We can open any program in Windows operating system using one of the following three ways.
a) Opening a program using Desktop:
We can following steps to open program like MS Word, using desktop. Click on MS Word icon on desktop.Microsoft Word program will be opened. We can use the same step for opening any other program.
b) Opening a program using Start Menu:
We can also use following steps to open a MS Word using start menu.
1. Click on Start Menu.
2. Select Programs option.
3. Select Microsoft Office option.
4. Select Microsoft Office Word option.
Microsoft Word program will be opened. We can use same steps for opening of any other program.
c) Opening a program using Run Command:
We can use following steps to open MS Word using Run Command.
1. Click on the Start Menu.
2. Click on run option.
3. Type the name of file, which you want to open/run. e.g Winword for MS. Word.
Posted By: Wasim Javed
a) Opening a program using Desktop:
We can following steps to open program like MS Word, using desktop. Click on MS Word icon on desktop.Microsoft Word program will be opened. We can use the same step for opening any other program.
b) Opening a program using Start Menu:
We can also use following steps to open a MS Word using start menu.
1. Click on Start Menu.
2. Select Programs option.
3. Select Microsoft Office option.
4. Select Microsoft Office Word option.
Microsoft Word program will be opened. We can use same steps for opening of any other program.
c) Opening a program using Run Command:
We can use following steps to open MS Word using Run Command.
1. Click on the Start Menu.
2. Click on run option.
3. Type the name of file, which you want to open/run. e.g Winword for MS. Word.
Posted By: Wasim Javed
Introduction to Windows
The software / program in computer which is responsible to start and control functionality of computer is called operating system. It acts as a bridge between user and the physical parts of computer. Without an operating system, it is not possible for a computer to work.
Stepping into windows:
MS-Windows is a GUI (Graphical User Interface) operating system. It includes graphical objects such as different types of colored screen called windows and also other objects such as icons, folders, buttons, dialogue boxes etc.
Starting a computer:
To turn the computer on, find its power button from system box and press it.
The starting process of computer is called Booting.
To shut down your computer:
1. Click the Start button. The start menu will appear.
2. Click turn off computer. The turn off computer dialog box will appear.
3. Click the turn off option. Your computer will shut down.
How do I restart my computer:
To shut down and immediately restart your computer:
1. Click on the start button. The start menu will appear.
2. Click on the turn off computer.
3. Click the Restart option. Your computer will be restarted.
Following are the components of Desktop Windows screen.
a) Desktop: After you have started the computer, the area you are looking at is called the desktop.
b) Taskbar start button/ Start menu: Normally at the bottom of the desktop there is a bar called taskbar. The leftmost button on the taskbar is known as start button.
c) Notification area: It is also called the system tray or just tray. This area on the right end of the taskbar contains the clock and several notification icons. For example, a speaker icon lets you view and change the volume level.
d) Desktop icons: An icon is a small picture with a caption (name) that represents a file, folder, or program on your computer. Double-clicking on an icon will open or launch the file, folder, or program. some commonly used desktop icons are:
1. My Computer: My computer icon provides access to the resources of your computer.
2. My Documents: My documents is the name of a special folder on the computer's desktop. It is commonly used to store a user's documents, music, pictures, download, and other files.
3. Recycle Bin: When we delete a file or folder in Windows. Windows sends it to the Recycle Bin. We can restore files or folder that are located in the Recycle Bin or we can permanently delete them.
4. Internet Explorer: The icon Internet Explorer is used to quickly access internet.
Posted By: Wasim Javed
Stepping into windows:
MS-Windows is a GUI (Graphical User Interface) operating system. It includes graphical objects such as different types of colored screen called windows and also other objects such as icons, folders, buttons, dialogue boxes etc.
Starting a computer:
To turn the computer on, find its power button from system box and press it.
The starting process of computer is called Booting.
To shut down your computer:
1. Click the Start button. The start menu will appear.
2. Click turn off computer. The turn off computer dialog box will appear.
3. Click the turn off option. Your computer will shut down.
How do I restart my computer:
To shut down and immediately restart your computer:
1. Click on the start button. The start menu will appear.
2. Click on the turn off computer.
3. Click the Restart option. Your computer will be restarted.
Following are the components of Desktop Windows screen.
a) Desktop: After you have started the computer, the area you are looking at is called the desktop.
b) Taskbar start button/ Start menu: Normally at the bottom of the desktop there is a bar called taskbar. The leftmost button on the taskbar is known as start button.
c) Notification area: It is also called the system tray or just tray. This area on the right end of the taskbar contains the clock and several notification icons. For example, a speaker icon lets you view and change the volume level.
d) Desktop icons: An icon is a small picture with a caption (name) that represents a file, folder, or program on your computer. Double-clicking on an icon will open or launch the file, folder, or program. some commonly used desktop icons are:
1. My Computer: My computer icon provides access to the resources of your computer.
2. My Documents: My documents is the name of a special folder on the computer's desktop. It is commonly used to store a user's documents, music, pictures, download, and other files.
3. Recycle Bin: When we delete a file or folder in Windows. Windows sends it to the Recycle Bin. We can restore files or folder that are located in the Recycle Bin or we can permanently delete them.
4. Internet Explorer: The icon Internet Explorer is used to quickly access internet.
Posted By: Wasim Javed
Question and Answer of Chapter 5: Begum Rana Liaqat Ali Khan
Q.1: When did Begum Liaqat Ali Khan learn to care for others?
Ans: Begum Liaqat Ali Khan learn to care for others at a sanatorium in Almora. There she used to go with her mother and see the critical patients. the miserable conditions of those patients softened her heart and thus she started caring for others.
Q.2: Why did she accompany her husband to Quaid-i-Azam's residence?
Ans: She accompanied her husband to Quaid-i-Azam's residence in order to request him to return to India. At that time, Quaid-i-Azam was residing in London. Begum Liaqat Ali Khan, in the company of her husband, made a request to Quaid-i-Azam to resume his leadership so that Muslims of India were properly guided.
Q.3: What did Quaid-i-Azam say to her in 1942?
Ans: Quaid-i-Azam told her in 1942 that she should take the responsibility of training the women. He told her that Islam is not in favor of confining woman to her home. She is allowed to go out to contribute to human progress.
Q.4: Why did she call upon women to collect food and medical supplies?
Ans: She wanted that women should work side by side with men to help the oppressed people of the society. In 1947, when the refugees crossed the new boundary and came to Pakistan, they suffered from many diseases like cholera, diarrhea and smallpox. Their condition was pitiable. In order to help these helpless people, she called up women to collect food and medical supplies for them.
Q.5: How did Liaqat Ali Khan praise his wife?
Ans: Liaqat Ali Khan praised his wife by telling a political rally in Karachi that his wife took the people of Pakistan to work in the refugee camps. He further told them that it was his wife who led the women of Pakistan to work as nurses.
Q.6: What is APWA and when was it founded?
Ans: APWA stands for All Pakistan Women's Association. The purpose of this association was to deal with such national crisis which could prove dangerous to the country. it was founded in 1949.
Q.7: Who was the first woman delegate to the United Nations?
Ans: Begum Liaqat Ali Khan was the first woman delegate to the United Nations. Beside this, she was the first woman ambassador of Pakistan. As an ambassador she represented Pakistan in the Netherlands, Italy and Tunisia. Again she remained and elected Governor of Sindh from 1973 to 1976.
Q.8: To which countries was she the designate ambassador?
Ans: She was the designate ambassador toe the Netherlands, Italy and Tunisia.
Posted By: Wasim Javed
Ans: Begum Liaqat Ali Khan learn to care for others at a sanatorium in Almora. There she used to go with her mother and see the critical patients. the miserable conditions of those patients softened her heart and thus she started caring for others.
Q.2: Why did she accompany her husband to Quaid-i-Azam's residence?
Ans: She accompanied her husband to Quaid-i-Azam's residence in order to request him to return to India. At that time, Quaid-i-Azam was residing in London. Begum Liaqat Ali Khan, in the company of her husband, made a request to Quaid-i-Azam to resume his leadership so that Muslims of India were properly guided.
Q.3: What did Quaid-i-Azam say to her in 1942?
Ans: Quaid-i-Azam told her in 1942 that she should take the responsibility of training the women. He told her that Islam is not in favor of confining woman to her home. She is allowed to go out to contribute to human progress.
Q.4: Why did she call upon women to collect food and medical supplies?
Ans: She wanted that women should work side by side with men to help the oppressed people of the society. In 1947, when the refugees crossed the new boundary and came to Pakistan, they suffered from many diseases like cholera, diarrhea and smallpox. Their condition was pitiable. In order to help these helpless people, she called up women to collect food and medical supplies for them.
Q.5: How did Liaqat Ali Khan praise his wife?
Ans: Liaqat Ali Khan praised his wife by telling a political rally in Karachi that his wife took the people of Pakistan to work in the refugee camps. He further told them that it was his wife who led the women of Pakistan to work as nurses.
Q.6: What is APWA and when was it founded?
Ans: APWA stands for All Pakistan Women's Association. The purpose of this association was to deal with such national crisis which could prove dangerous to the country. it was founded in 1949.
Q.7: Who was the first woman delegate to the United Nations?
Ans: Begum Liaqat Ali Khan was the first woman delegate to the United Nations. Beside this, she was the first woman ambassador of Pakistan. As an ambassador she represented Pakistan in the Netherlands, Italy and Tunisia. Again she remained and elected Governor of Sindh from 1973 to 1976.
Q.8: To which countries was she the designate ambassador?
Ans: She was the designate ambassador toe the Netherlands, Italy and Tunisia.
Posted By: Wasim Javed
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Questions & Answers
The Recess Period
In every school there is a recess period. It is usually after the fifth period. It is a period of joy and relief. Almost all the students wait eagerly for this period.
As soon as the bell rings, the students come out of their classrooms and start running in every direction. There is a great rush in the corridors of the school. Some students run to their home to eat something there. Others go to the school tuck shop. Some of the students open their lunch boxes and eat the things which they have brought with them.
There are some students who go to the school library and read newspapers and magazines. The serious students, who do not waste their time, study their books. Some students spend this period in copying homework form the exercise books of their friends.
As far as i am concerned, i go to the school tuck shop. I refresh myself with a cup of tea in winter and with cold drink in summer. I meet my friends there who eat or drink something. Ours is a good tuck shop where everything is available to the students. After having a cup of tea or cold drink I run to the playground and play football. After playing there for some time, the bell rings and I go straight to my classroom.
Posted By: Wasim Javed
As soon as the bell rings, the students come out of their classrooms and start running in every direction. There is a great rush in the corridors of the school. Some students run to their home to eat something there. Others go to the school tuck shop. Some of the students open their lunch boxes and eat the things which they have brought with them.
There are some students who go to the school library and read newspapers and magazines. The serious students, who do not waste their time, study their books. Some students spend this period in copying homework form the exercise books of their friends.
As far as i am concerned, i go to the school tuck shop. I refresh myself with a cup of tea in winter and with cold drink in summer. I meet my friends there who eat or drink something. Ours is a good tuck shop where everything is available to the students. After having a cup of tea or cold drink I run to the playground and play football. After playing there for some time, the bell rings and I go straight to my classroom.
Posted By: Wasim Javed
Labels:
Essays
Question and Answers of Chapter 4: Population Explosion in Pakistan
Q.1: What do you understand by overpopulation?
Ans: Overpopulation means when the resources are less than the number of people in the area. In that case, it becomes difficult for the people to meet their needs within the limited resources.
Q.2:What problem Pakistan if facing since its inception?
Ans: Pakistan is facing a number of problems since its inception. The most important among them are illiteracy, poverty, pollution, unemployment, terrorism, price hike, corruption and government instability etc. The remedy of all these problems lie in controlling the increase in population.
Q.3: What was the population of Pakistan in 1947?
Ans: The population of Pakistan was 33 millions in 1947.
Q.4: What is meant by birth rate and how does it effect the population of country?
Ans: Birth rate means the number of births per year per thousand people of the population of a place. In Pakistan, the birth rate is very high. This high birth rate harms the economy of a country. In that case it becomes very difficult for a country to meet the growing needs of the huge population with its insufficient resources.
Q.5: How has life expectancy increased?
Ans: Life expectancy has increased because science has made astonishing progress in the field of medicine. Now-a-days almost all diseases are curable. Thus the use of modern and improved health technology has very much increased life expectancy.
Q.6: How is economic growth hampered by overpopulation?
Ans: Economic growth is badly hampered by overpopulation. the immense increase in population decreases the purchasing power of the people. The investment in a country suffer a lot where the demand for the good decreases. Such a poor economy leads to closing of factories which results in joblessness, poverty, lawlessness and corruption.
Q.7: How can education play a key role in solving the problem of overpopulation?
Ans: Education can play a key role in solving the problem of overpopulation. By making people aware of the adverse effects of overpopulation will help in decreasing the problem. The people should be made aware that in order to make Pakistan a prosperous state, overpopulation must be reduced. As most of the people in our country are illiterate, the problem of overpopulation is becoming serious year by year.
Posted By: Wasim Javed
Ans: Overpopulation means when the resources are less than the number of people in the area. In that case, it becomes difficult for the people to meet their needs within the limited resources.
Q.2:What problem Pakistan if facing since its inception?
Ans: Pakistan is facing a number of problems since its inception. The most important among them are illiteracy, poverty, pollution, unemployment, terrorism, price hike, corruption and government instability etc. The remedy of all these problems lie in controlling the increase in population.
Q.3: What was the population of Pakistan in 1947?
Ans: The population of Pakistan was 33 millions in 1947.
Q.4: What is meant by birth rate and how does it effect the population of country?
Ans: Birth rate means the number of births per year per thousand people of the population of a place. In Pakistan, the birth rate is very high. This high birth rate harms the economy of a country. In that case it becomes very difficult for a country to meet the growing needs of the huge population with its insufficient resources.
Q.5: How has life expectancy increased?
Ans: Life expectancy has increased because science has made astonishing progress in the field of medicine. Now-a-days almost all diseases are curable. Thus the use of modern and improved health technology has very much increased life expectancy.
Q.6: How is economic growth hampered by overpopulation?
Ans: Economic growth is badly hampered by overpopulation. the immense increase in population decreases the purchasing power of the people. The investment in a country suffer a lot where the demand for the good decreases. Such a poor economy leads to closing of factories which results in joblessness, poverty, lawlessness and corruption.
Q.7: How can education play a key role in solving the problem of overpopulation?
Ans: Education can play a key role in solving the problem of overpopulation. By making people aware of the adverse effects of overpopulation will help in decreasing the problem. The people should be made aware that in order to make Pakistan a prosperous state, overpopulation must be reduced. As most of the people in our country are illiterate, the problem of overpopulation is becoming serious year by year.
Posted By: Wasim Javed
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